"Mencoba hal-hal yang baru...."

sepenggal Fatwa untuk Engkong

2009-01-29T08:57:00.000-08:00

Akhir-akhir ini karena engkong (nama pangilan untuk seorang penjual gorengan keliling di ciganjur)mengeluhkan sepinya dagangannya. bahkan kemaren malam ia merugi 30 rb rupiah karena masih banyaknya gorengan yang belum laku. yang semula engkong biasa mengantongi laba 50rb-100rb rupiah sekarang menjadi minus 50rb sampai laba 20tb rupiah, dilihat dari sudut manapun itu jelas jauh berkurang.
"kenapa enggak laku kong" tanya penulis menyelidik, "engkong terlalu sering libur sih, ato gara gara libur kemaren yang terlalu lama". "ya enggak mah, biasanya juga tetep laris aja, enggak tahu kenapa kok akhir2 ini jadi enggak laku". "muternya kurang jauh mungkin kong" tanya penulis mencoba memberi semangat, "ya enggak juga" sergahnya dengan cepat "biasanya juga sama, dari gang ...bla...bla...."
Pada intinya engkong tidak melakukan ritual yang menyimpang sepanjang karirnya sehingga memungkinkan gorengannya tidak laku. Penulis jadi bertanya-tanya kenapa omset engkong bisa berkurang ? apakah karena krisi global yang sedang melanda seluruh dunia, bisa jadi itu, atau ada kemungkinan lain. Tapi bukankah dunia bisnis engkong jauh dari investasi dan perdagangan valas ? Atau karena gorengan engkong tidak mengantongi label halal dari MUI.
Apapun penyebabnya saya yakin masih banyak engkong-engkong, embok-mbok, embak-embak pedangan kecil lain yang bernasib sama dengan engkong yang saya kenal. pedagang seperti kecil seperti engkong ini pasti akan teribas krisis sekecil apaun krisis yang dialami oleh bangsa ini. apalagi jika mengingat krisis yang Indonesia alami telah berlangsung lama dan tak kunjung membaik.
Hhmmm ... untuk tidak meyalahkan pemerintah terlalu jauh kami, satu Kelurahan berembuk membahas sebuah Fatwa halal untuk engkong. yah mungkin ini akan bisa memberikan semangat tambahan supaya engkong bisa bangkit dari keterpurukan ekonomi, yah semoga. !

Perang, bisnis senjata dan krisi global !

2009-01-18T11:29:00.000-08:00

Tertangkapnya Victor Bout mengungkap begitu mengiurkan hasil dari penjual senjata ilegal di seluruh dunia. Bout tak memiliki ideologi atau lebih tepatnya melepaskan atribut tersebut untuk bisa bekerja sama dengan semua pihak. Ia adalah pedagang; Merchant of Death. Tak peduli apakah itu Al Qaeda, sekelompok warlord haus darah di Afrika Barat, atau kelompok yang didukung Amerika.
Bisnis senjata memang menguntungkan, Alex Yearsley dari Global Witness yang berbasis di London mengatakan, pengiriman senjata Bout dibayar dengan sumber daya alam di Afrika, ini yang konon membuat banyak jendral rusia kaya raya. Bout bukan satu satunya pebisnis senja ilegal didunia, dia hanya puncak dari sebuah gunung es yang menyisakan bongkahan besar yang takterlihat di bawahnya.
Lihat saja bagaimana getolnya amerika memasarkan peralatan perangnya ke berbagai negara didunia, katakanlah Jepang, Australia, Singapura, Taiwan, Korsel, Thailand itu belum termasuk negara-negara Timteng yang kaya raya. Selain untuk menyebarkan pengaruhnya di dunia internasional, hasil dari penjualan senjata juga akan mengalirkan dana-dana segar untuk riset teknologi perang yang berkelanjutan.
Tenggok saja Pertempuran israel vs palestine yang baru saja reda, adakah kepentingan bisnis senjata di balik perang ini ?. konflik-konflik yang terjadi, dari utara hingga ke selatan dari timur hingga ke barat, para produsen senjata, laskar swasta dan para militer, mentor-mentor perang, intrik versus trik dan berbagai metode sabotase, hingga pemusnahan massal atas dasar isu ras bahkan gender. Semua muncul bersamaan dengan berbagai isu, motif yang variatif, sekali waktu berhubungan konteksnya antarsatu wilayah konflik dengan konflik lain, tapi bisa saling kontradiktif di lain waktu. Senantiasa menyebarkan bau mesiu dan aroma khas lembaran-lembaran uang.
Karena Negara adidaya tidak hanya menjadikan perang sebagai fungsi penaklukan wilayah, perebutan pasar serta sumber-sumber alam dan tenaga-tenaga kerjanya saja. Lebih jauh perang merupakan mekanisme untuk mengatasi krisis ekonomi yang diakibatkan kelebihan produksi. Kerawanan-kerawanan massal yang terjadi sejak 4 dekade yang lalu hingga dewasa ini, makin menguatkan argumen ini.

Vladimir Putin

2009-01-18T11:09:00.000-08:00

Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin was born on October 7, 1952 in St Petersburg, then known as Leningrad. He was raised as an only child; his two brothers died young, one shortly after birth, the other of diphtheria during World War II. Although it was officially prohibited by the Communist law, Putin was baptized in the Russian Orthodox faith. In his youth he was often called Putka. His father, Vladimir Spiridonovich Putin, was a factory foreman and died in August 1999 (his mother, Maria Ivanovna Putina, died six months earlier).

Mr Putin has good command of English and German and he is fond of sports, especially wrestling. He has been going in for sambo (a Russian style of self-defence) and judo since the age of 11. He won the sambo championships of St Petersburg many times and became Master of Sports first in sambo and later in judo. Putin doesn't smoke and he is not an excessive drinker.

Vladimir Putin is married to Lyudmila (1958) and has two daughters: Katya (1985) and Masha (1986). They were both born in Dresden, Germany and now attend an international school in Moscow. The Putins love animals; they own a white poodle called Tosca. Lyudmila is a graduate of the philological department of the Leningrad State University. After studying, she first worked as a stewardess in Kaliningrad and then as a schoolteacher. She speaks German, Spanish and French.

Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin studied law at State University in St Petersburg, then known as Leningrad. After graduating in 1975, he worked in the KGB's foreign intelligence service, mainly in Germany. He left the KGB in 1990 and became an ally of liberal Anatoly Sobchak, the mayor of St Petersburg, whom he met during his study. He first became Mr Sobchak's head of external relations and then served as deputy mayor from March 1994. When Mr Sobchak lost power in 1996 it was another liberal, deputy Prime Minister Anatoly Chubais, who recommended him for a job in the presidential administration. There he rose to be deputy chief-of-staff before being asked, in July 1998, to take charge of one of Russia's new security services, the Federal Security Bureau (FSB), replacing Nikolai Kovalyov. Subsequently, President Boris Yeltsin appointed him as head of the powerful Security Council. After Boris Yeltsin sacked Sergei Stepashin in August 1999, he became Russia's prime minister. On the last day of the 20th century, Boris Yeltsin resigned and appointed him as acting president. Presidential elections were held on March 26, 2000. Putin received 52.94 percent of all votes. The inauguration took place on May 7, 2000.
Until the presidential elections, Vladimir Putin had no experience of elected office. Putin was not renowned as a charismatic speaker - his nickname used to be the "grey cardinal". During recent summits though, he proved to be an excellent speaker indeed. He is said to be most popular among young people, Muscovites and educated people. His reputation is of a good chairman and organiser. Putin is a candidate of economic sciences (1996).

Boris Yeltsin introduced him to the Russian people by saying that "he will be able to unite around himself those who will revive Great Russia in the new, 21st century". Sergei Stepashin later described him as a "decent and honest man". Boris Nemtsov, a former deputy prime minister, said that "he’s a decent, tough and energetic man who was out of public politics due to the specifics of his job". During a summit in June 2000, U.S. President Bill Clinton praised him for "surely being capable of creating a strong and prosperous Russia". After Former Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev met with Mr Putin in August 2000, he told that "he's certainly no threat to the Russian democracy".

The Meanning of Islam

2009-01-18T09:03:00.000-08:00

The world Islam is derived from the Arabic root "SLM" which means, among other things, peace, purity, submission and obedience. In the religious sense the word of Islam means submission to the Will of God and obedience to His law. The connection between the original and the religious meanings of the word is strong and obvious. only through submission to the Will of God and by obedience to His Law can one achieve true peace and enjoy lasting purity.
Some outsiders call our religion "Mohammedanism" and address the believers in Islam as "Mohammedans". The Muslims both reject and protest the use of these words. This misnomer implies that the religion takes its name after a mortal being, namely, Muhammad and that Islam is no more than another "ism" just like Judaism, Hinduism, Marxism, etc. Muhammad was only a mortal being commissioned by God to teach the word of God and lead an exemplary life. He is a living proof of what man can be and of what He can accomplish in the realm of excellence and virtue. The true name of the religion, then, is Islam and those who follow it are Muslims.
Contrary to popular misconceptions, Islam or submission to the Will of God, together with obedience to His Law, does not mean in any way loss of individual freedom or surrender to fatalism. anyones who thinks or believes so has certainly failed to understand the true meaning of Islam and the concept of God in Islam. The concept of God in Islam describes Him as the Most Merciful and Gracious, and the Most Loving and most concerned with the well-being of man and as Full of Wisdom and care for His Creatures. Tobe Continue....

"Troya", I dont think so

2009-01-08T10:48:00.000-08:00

Legenda kuda troya (trojan) tentu sudah banyak yang mendengar. Bahkan sudah di abadikan menjadi salah satu tipe virus (wahana pencuri data) dalam ilmu teknologi informasi, juga telah diangkat kedalam film dengan judul yang sama.
Cara ini pernah juga terjadi pada saat acara yang melibatkan kehadiran seorang petinggi negara (presiden:red) di Maluku, dan dibuat tak berkutik dengan kehadiran 30 orang penari “pecellele” dengan mengusung sebuah nama “RMS”. Betapa dahsyatnya efek dari kejadian ini, RMS berhasil menunjukan bahwa mereka eksis(ada) dan ini pukulan telak bagi pihak kepolisian yang dianggap gagal dalam mengantisipasi kejadian ini.
Kalau dalam study orientalis maka kita akan menumukan nama Snouck Hurgronje, seorang orientalis yang disusupkan Belanda ke Aceh pada tahun 1857, untuk memecah persatuan rakyat Aceh dari dalam. Snouck Hurgronje merupakan sosok orientalis yang akrab dengan Islam, dan para ulama indonesia, oleh karenanya ia dengan mudah memenjarakan rakyat aceh dalam kotak-kotak kecil untuk di adu satu dengan yang lain. Hasilnya tidak begitu lama Aceh takhluk di tangan Belanda.
Kalau di era modern ini, "pengkotakan" yang terjadi bisa dilakukan lewat wacana-wacana yang dibiarkan liar berkembang dengan dalih liberalisasi pemikiran, tanpa didasari dengan kerangka nasionalisme yang tuntas maka yang terjadi adalah perpecahan. kepentingan golongan yang menonjol jika dibandingkan dengan kepentingan nasional. Kita dibagi bagi dalam beberapa golongan pemikiran, dan di dalamnya masih dibagi lagi menjadi bebrapa kelompok yang saling serang, ini konyol.
Oleh karenanya para bapak bangsa kita menancapkan pancasila sebagai tonggak pemersatu yang tidak bisa ditawar. pancasila akan efektif bekerja menjadi alat pemersatu dikala semua komponen bangsa berpikir sesuai dengan semua sila di dalamnya. seperti wacana liberalisme islam yang mengemuka akhir-akhir ini, bisa kita sikapi dengan mengedepankan sila pertama (ketuhanan yang maha esa) dan sila ke tiga (persatuan indonesia) maka semuanya akan menyadari dan mengedepankan sikap toleransi, untuk tidak main hakim sendiri, sehingga memecah belah persatuan. toh perbedaan adalah kodrat dari manusia, dan biarkan saja ribuan bunga bermekaran ditaman, Indonesia akan tetap harum.
Selama Pancasila sudah menjadi nafas kita dalam berbangsa maka akan sangat mudah bagi kita melawan kuda troya yang masuk kedalam bangsa ini.

membuka diri tu' ..dirimu

2009-01-01T17:17:00.000-08:00

susah memang membuka diri (buat aku sih)terkadang itu menjadi sebuah ganjalan yang berat bagi kita. terlebih jika kita introvet, ampun susahnya. pasti salah satu dari kalian pernah ngalamin kan ? kencenderungan orang introvet itu suka menarik diri dari lingkunganya, lebih pintar memendam, biasanya juga mudah cemas. kemampuan seosialisasi kurang.
ada banyak penyebab kita jadi introvet yang pertama bisa karena kita memang begitu sejak lahir (tapi jarang) bisa karena lingkungan, bisa karena dampak psikologis dari tekanan hidup, trauma, depresi, dll. itu masasalah bukan, jelas iya, karena kita menjadi susah mengatakan apa yang kita mau kepada orang, mengatakan perasaan kita pada pacar, susah ngomong jujur, akhirnya kita tertekan, dan semakin tertekan. bukankah malah parah, maunya aman dibalik kolong tempat tidur kita eee malah kejedot, abis itu tertimpa tempat tidurnya pula.
menjadi ekstrovet itu enak, bisa ngeluarin isi hati seenaknya, bilang enggak semaunya, jalan kesana kemari seenaknya. jadi kenapa kita tidak menjadi ekstrovet saja ? yah itu kan susah, merubah sifat/pembawaan seseorang itu tak semudah membeli permen di supermarket kan. cuman satu kuncinya, katakan ya atau tidak untuk perubahan.
dan semua orang mengalami hal yang sama dengan kesulitan hidupmu. dan mereka bisa kenapa kamu tidak ?

*bukan untuk siapa-siapa ?!

Shoppers hit post-Christmas sales

2008-12-26T22:52:00.000-08:00

Thousands of shoppers across the UK snapped up bargains on the first day of the post-Christmas sales.
Queues built up outside stores hours before they opened as retailers affected by the credit crunch cut prices by up to 70%. Around 500,000 bargain-hunters flocked to London's West End attracted to the discounted goods on offer. The British Retail Consortium (BRC) said it had been "a poor Christmas" for many retailers.
Around 15,000 people were in London's Westfield shopping centre - Europe's biggest inner-city shopping centre - as soon as it opened, a spokeswoman said.

'Busy week'

An estimated 100,000 sales shoppers were expected at Bluewater shopping centre in Kent - an increase of 10% from last year. The centre's retail manager James Waugh said: "This is one of our busiest weeks of the year. "People seem to be coming out for the day to enjoy themselves and judging from the people I've spoken to they are spending." He said people were buying fashion items and treats for themselves. In Cardiff, Manda Sharp, general manager of department store Howells, said the situation was similar and she expected record-breaking sales.

'Significant reductions'

Some High Street stores, including John Lewis and Marks & Spencer, began sales on their websites on Christmas Day. John Lewis recorded its busiest ever online sales between 7pm and 8pm and said its Christmas Day traffic on its website was 12 times higher than last year. London's Brent Cross Shopping Centre saw 30,000 people through its doors by midday
The centre's Norman Black, said more than 100 of its stores had started their sales. Others, such as M&S, John Lewis and Fenwick would begin their sales on 27 December with "significant reductions", he added.
Debenhams, which slashed prices by as much as 70% in what it described as its biggest-ever sale, opened its doors at 7am.

Gunman 'requests Pakistan help'

2008-12-22T14:52:00.000-08:00

India says the sole surviving gunman from last month's Mumbai (Bombay) attacks has sought help from Pakistan.

The request came in a letter handed to Pakistani diplomats in Delhi.

Mohammed Ajmal Amir Qasab, who is in Indian custody, admitted in the letter that he and the other attackers were from Pakistan, Indian officials said. Pakistani officials say they are studying the contents of the letter. Islamabad has so far refused to acknowledge the gunmen were Pakistani.
Relations between the two countries have been severely strained since the attacks, in which more than 170 people were killed.
Earlier, India's Foreign Minister Pranab Mukherjee said the international community had not done enough to exert pressure on Pakistan, which denies any involvement in the attacks.
On Monday fighter jets flew low over three major cities in Pakistan amid the heightened tension.
'Legal aid'
India's foreign ministry said the acting high commissioner of Pakistan had been handed the letter from the gunman on Monday evening.
"In his letter addressed to the Pakistan High Commission, Kasab [Qasab] has stated that he and the other terrorists killed in the attack were from Pakistan and has sought a meeting with the Pakistan High Commission," the ministry said. Reports suggested the letter contained a request for legal help from Pakistan. Indian lawyers have so far refused to represent Mr Qasab in court.

Pakistani officials confirmed receipt of the letter and said they were examining its contents. The Pakistani government is under intense pressure to act decisively against militants operating on its soil. Addressing Indian envoys from across the world, Mr Mukherjee accused Islamabad of "denial" and "shifting the blame" for last month's attacks.

"We have so far acted with utmost restraint and are hopeful that international community will use its influence to urge the Pakistani government to take effective action." But Mr Mukherjee said that although there had been "some effort so far by the international community... this is not enough. Much more needs to be done."

His statement was the latest in a series of strongly worded diplomatic warnings from India. The BBC's Chris Morris in Delhi says the Indian government is clearly determined to maintain pressure on Islamabad to act.

India has blamed Pakistan-based militant group Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT) for the attacks, which began on 26 November and lasted three days. Last week, Pakistan's President Asif Ali Zardari said claims that the sole surviving attacker had been identified by his own father as coming from Pakistan had not been proven.
The two hotels caught up in the attacks, the Trident-Oberoi and Taj Mahal Palace, reopened for business on Sunday.
BBC News

Pementasan, Maha ladang Cinta

2008-12-21T21:03:00.000-08:00

Maha ladang cinta sebuah puisi karya Hj masriyah amva akan dipentaskan di Gedung bhakti budaya, TIM pada tanggal 23 Desember 2008
bukan apa-apa kalau pementasan ini tidak bertepatan (atau setidaknya bersebelahan) dengan hari ibu.
profil yang akan tampil ini adalah seorang ibu yang bersahaja, pengasuh pondok pesantren jambu di daerah cirebon. menariknya lagi beliau membuat puisi ini di saat sendiri setelah suaminya meninggal.
tragis memang nasib para ibu, ketidak berdayaannya terbangun karena masih luasnya dominasi salah satu gender di semua bidang.
saya berharap peringatan hari ibu ini tidak seperti peringatan hari ibu ataupun hari kartini yang sudah sudah. berupa pengkultusan ibu/wanita tanpa mampu merubah keadaan. amien.

salam takdzimku untuk semua IBU

Nurturing Tolerance in Pesantren

2008-12-21T14:53:00.000-08:00

Center for Pesantren and Democracy Studies (CePDeS)
Back five years ago in a pesantren (Islamic boarding school) in the small city of Jombang, East Java, amidst a tranquil crack of dawn a congregation of male santris (students of pesantren) was performing their morning prayer in the mosque. While they were absorbed in the rituals, a Dutch Catholic priest who had spent the previous night at the pesantren was observing them from behind. Sitting cross-legged at the outer part of the mosque, he was attentively watching them perform the rituals and patiently waiting for a dialogue with some santris to be scheduled after the prayer. Later on that day, after a dialogue with santris, the priest had a warm, friendly conversation in the Arabic language with the kyai (leader of pesantren) on various religious and humanitarian issues. The Catholic priest, upon returning to his country, wrote that his stay at the pesantren and dialogues with the santris and kyai was one of the most beautiful moments in his life. He thanked the kyai and santris for their hospitality and warm welcome.

Three years later, the pesantren hosted a multi-religious delegation from a Norway-based inter-faith organization that came to Indonesia to see how religious pluralism is internalized and practiced here. The dialogue between the delegation and the santris was warm, open and sometimes filled with bursts of laughter. The santris enjoyed not only stories about far away life especially among its teenagers, but also the opportunity to practice their English. They had no prejudice at all to the delegation, moreover because one of them who happened to be the leader was a Norwegian Muslim lady with a headgear. The santris and the European guests exchanged views and perspectives on different topics especially relating to the lives of Muslims and Christians in Europe.

The above stories are just two ‘episodes’ in the activities of many pesantrens in Indonesia, including Jombang which is known as a city of thousand pesantrens. Countless Western and non-Muslim researchers and activists have visited and even lived in pesantren for different purposes. Some of them conducted anthropological studies using the popular method of participant observation; some others taught English, while others were interested in learning deeper about Islam. These direct encounters with ‘outsiders’ have been an invaluable experience for santris which has nurtured awareness and appreciation of differences and diversities. It is not surprising, therefore, that pesantrens in Indonesia have produced broad-minded and tolerant personalities and alumni such as Abdurrahman Wahid or Nurcholis Madjid, two out of quite a few Muslim intellectuals and scholars widely reputed for their integrity in religious pluralism.

When asked about religious justification on their openness to outsiders, including non-Muslims, some santris immediately referred to the Prophet Muhammad’s saying that whoever believes in God and in the hereafter, s/he has to respect her/his guest. This prophetic saying (hadith) is a strong religious basis for santris to be confident in respecting their non-Muslim guests. There is no limitation in this hadith as to whom the respect should be addressed in terms of religion, for example to Muslim guests only. The limitation applies in terms of time, which is three days. To a visitor of more than three days, the host is not obligated to give a special treatment.

Another santri refers to the teaching on brotherhood that is prevalent among members or followers of Nahdlatul Ulama or NU (Resurgence of Ulemas), the so-called largest Muslim organization in Indonesia. The teaching advocates three levels of brotherhood that need to be uplifted in pursuing peaceful coexistence of all humankind. First, is brotherhood among Muslims (ukhuwwah Islamiyah); second, is brotherhood among people of the same nation (ukhuwwah wathoniyah), and third, brotherhood among all human beings (ukhuwwah basyariyah) regardless of their race, ethnicity, religion and nationality.

The above illustration of tolerance and pluralism in pesantren might sound ‘awkward’ amongst the emerging stigmatization against pesantren in the aftermath of the JW Marriot bombing. The suicide bomber, Amsar, reportedly was an alumnus of a pesantren, the Al-Mukmin in Ngruki, which is led by the alleged cleric Abu Bakar Ba’asyir. This association of pesantren with a suicide bomber can obviously ruin the image of moderate and tolerant santris in thousands of pesantrens who have demonstrated these traits as their built-in characters as illustrated in the examples above. From outside, judged from the names or physical appearance, these two types of pesantren may look alike. But in terms of teachings and moral values nurtured they are completely contradictory, just like night and day. In a pesantren like Ngruki, a dialogue with ‘the other’ (people with different interpretations of Islam or those who are non Muslim) would not be possible. These people are regarded as ‘kafir’ or infidels and there is no point in dialoguing with them. Their blood is even considered ‘halal,’ meaning that it is allowable to shed their blood. So, one should never make any generalization when talking about pesantren. There are thousands of moderate pesantrens, but there are radical pesantrens, as few as five according to Sidney Jones, that appear like, to borrow the term used by Bassam Tibi in his book The Challenge of Fundamentalism, ‘a horse of another colour.’

One unique characteristic of moderate pesantrens which has enabled them to produce tolerant and pluralistic people is their balance in teaching Islamic legal aspects (Fikih) and the spirituality (Sufism). This approach can be traced back to derive from the nine saints (wali songo) who spread Islam on the island of Java peacefully. This spirituality dimension is what probably missing in radical pesantrens, who prefer to stand in a binary position: right/wrong, halal/haram, me/the other, heaven/hell, etc. As a result, they produce people with an exclusionary stance who see the world as black and white and who lack the beauty and inner meaning of the religion: peace, tolerance, respect, love and care for others, and other esoteric and humanitarian traits.

This type of Islam is not typical Indonesian. Islam in Indonesia has been known as tolerant, pluralistic and adaptable to local cultures. But the last three decades have witnessed the growing phenomenon of Islamic fundamentalism that tends to practice religious teachings in a rigid and exclusive way. Moderate pesantrens should be alert of this and enhance their teachings on pluralism to their santris.

From The Jakarta Post, 5 September 2003

A Brief Mapping of Islamic Education in Indonesia.00

2008-12-21T08:32:00.000-08:00

The recent development of Indonesian Islam indicates that Islamic educational institutions survive amidst changes within Muslim communities. Pesantren, the oldest Islamic educational institution, is evidence of this. Pesantren, madrasah, and Islamic schools continue to grow and parental interest in sending their children to Islamic education institution is even stronger today than in the past.

Data from the Department of Religious Affairs shows a steady increase in the number of pesantren and students enrolled in them. In 1977, there were 4,195 pesantren with 677,384 students. This number skyrocketed in 1981 with pesantren numbering 5,661 with a total of 938,397 students. In 1985, this number increased to 6,239 pesantren with 1,084,801 students. In 1997, the Department reported 9,388 pesantren a total of 1,770,768 students. And finally, 2003-04, the number of pesantren reached 14,647. A similar trend is also evident with madrasah.

Madrasah, managed by the Department of Religious Affairs, also experienced rapid quality and quantity development. Development trends are also evident in Islamic schools. For example, Al-Azhar School in Jakarta, Insan Cendikia and Madania in West Java, and Mutahhari in Bandung have grown significantly in urban regions of the country. Similar developments are also found in Yogyakarta, Surabaya, and Makassar.

These data raise some important questions concerning the development and survival of Islamic educational institutions, as well as their changing roles amid transitions taking place in the Muslim community. Islamic educational institutions face complex challenges. They not only strive to educate Muslims in religious knowledge, but are also expected to participate in creating a new socio-cultural and political system of Indonesia. Based on the characteristics of Islamic educational institutions, there are at least four types of Islamic educational institutions: (1) NU-based Islamic boarding schools, (2) modern Islamic boarding schools whose orientation are Islamic reformism, (3) independent pesantrens, and (4) Islamic schools.

Hal-hal yang perlu diketahui....

2008-12-15T08:46:00.000-08:00

Mungkin sebagian dari kita mempunyai kebiasaan memakai dan memakai ulang botol plastik (Aqua, VIT , etc) dan menaruhnya di mobil atau di kantor.

Kebiasaan ini tidak baik, karena bahan plastic botol (disebut juga sebagai polyethylene terephthalate or PET) yang dipakai di botol2 ini mengandung zat2 karsinogen (atau DEHA). Botol ini aman untuk dipakai 1-2 kali saja, jika anda ingin memakainya lebih lama, Tidak boleh lebih dari seminggu, dan harus ditaruh ditempat yang jauh dari matahari. Kebiasaan mencuci ulang dapat membuat lapisan plastik rusak dan zat karsinogen itu bisa masuk ke air yang kita minum. Lebih baik membeli botol air yang memang untuk dipakai ber-ulang2, jangan memakai botol plastik.

Indonesia dan Italia

2008-12-11T03:47:00.000-08:00

Setelah Antonio Pigafetta. baru kira-kira 300 tahun l;emudian seorang saudagar bangsa Italia yang lain G. Gaggino (1846-1918) menerbitkan sebuah kamus kecil. Dizionario Italiano e Malese. Kamus ini dilengkapi dengan lembaran "percakapan praktis" dalam tulisan Jawi dan transl;ripsi Italianya11. . Gaggino bermukim di Singapura dan meninggal pada tahun 1918 di Garut di Jawa Barat.

Sebenarnya ada sebuah kamus lagi yang tersimpan di Perpustakaan Vatikan vang dikenal dengan judul Lexicon Malaicum dan tercantum dalam berkas Perpustakaan Vatikan vang diterbitkan di Roma tahun 1831. sebagai Lexicon Malaicum cum grammatica. Padahal naskah yang selama ini dianggap sebagai leksikon Melavu dan gramatikanya itu judul lengkapnya ialah. Lexicon malaaicum cum grammatica araba .